This position paper investigates the potential of integrating insights from language impairment research and its clinical treatment to develop human-inspired learning strategies and evaluation frameworks for language models (LMs). We inspect the theoretical underpinnings underlying some influential linguistically motivated training approaches derived from neurolinguistics and, particularly, aphasiology, aimed at enhancing the recovery and generalization of linguistic skills in aphasia treatment, with a primary focus on those targeting the syntactic domain. We highlight how these insights can inform the design of rigorous assessments for LMs, specifically in their handling of complex syntactic phenomena, as well as their implications for developing human-like learning strategies, aligning with efforts to create more sustainable and cognitively plausible natural language processing (NLP) models.

翻译：本立场论文探讨了整合语言障碍研究及其临床治疗洞见的潜力，以开发受人类启发的学习策略和语言模型评估框架。我们考察了源自神经语言学（尤其是失语症学）的若干具有影响力的语言学驱动训练方法的理论基础，这些方法旨在提升失语症治疗中语言技能的恢复与泛化能力，并重点关注针对句法领域的方法。我们强调这些洞见如何为语言模型设计严谨的评估方案提供参考，特别是在处理复杂句法现象方面，同时探讨其对开发类人学习策略的启示，以推动构建更具可持续性且认知合理的自然语言处理模型。