In the past year, MultiModal Large Language Models (MM-LLMs) have undergone substantial advancements, augmenting off-the-shelf LLMs to support MM inputs or outputs via cost-effective training strategies. The resulting models not only preserve the inherent reasoning and decision-making capabilities of LLMs but also empower a diverse range of MM tasks. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey aimed at facilitating further research of MM-LLMs. Initially, we outline general design formulations for model architecture and training pipeline. Subsequently, we introduce a taxonomy encompassing 126 MM-LLMs, each characterized by its specific formulations. Furthermore, we review the performance of selected MM-LLMs on mainstream benchmarks and summarize key training recipes to enhance the potency of MM-LLMs. Finally, we explore promising directions for MM-LLMs while concurrently maintaining a real-time tracking website for the latest developments in the field. We hope that this survey contributes to the ongoing advancement of the MM-LLMs domain.

翻译：过去一年中，多模态大语言模型（MM-LLMs）取得了实质性进展，通过经济高效的训练策略增强现有LLMs以支持多模态输入或输出。由此产生的模型不仅保留了LLMs固有的推理与决策能力，还赋能了广泛的多模态任务。本文旨在提供一份全面的综述以促进MM-LLMs的进一步研究。首先，我们概述模型架构与训练流程的通用设计范式。随后，我们提出一个涵盖126个MM-LLMs的分类体系，每个模型均由其特定范式所刻画。此外，我们回顾了精选MM-LLMs在主流基准测试上的性能表现，并总结了提升MM-LLMs效能的关键训练方案。最后，我们探讨了MM-LLMs的未来发展方向，同时为该领域最新进展维护实时追踪网站。我们希望本综述能为MM-LLMs领域的持续发展作出贡献。