The provision of fire services plays a vital role in ensuring the safety of residents' lives and property. The spatial layout of fire stations is closely linked to the efficiency of fire rescue operations. Traditional approaches have primarily relied on mathematical planning models to generate appropriate layouts by summarizing relevant evaluation criteria. However, this optimization process presents significant challenges due to the extensive decision space, inherent conflicts among criteria, and decision-makers' preferences. To address these challenges, we propose FSLens, an interactive visual analytics system that enables in-depth evaluation and rational optimization of fire station layout. Our approach integrates fire records and correlation features to reveal fire occurrence patterns and influencing factors using spatiotemporal sequence forecasting. We design an interactive visualization method to explore areas within the city that are potentially under-resourced for fire service based on the fire distribution and existing fire station layout. Moreover, we develop a collaborative human-computer multi-criteria decision model that generates multiple candidate solutions for optimizing firefighting resources within these areas. We simulate and compare the impact of different solutions on the original layout through well-designed visualizations, providing decision-makers with the most satisfactory solution. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through one case study with real-world datasets. The feedback from domain experts indicates that our system helps them to better identify and improve potential gaps in the current fire station layout.

翻译：消防服务的提供对保障居民生命财产安全至关重要。消防站的空间布局与消防救援效率紧密相关。传统方法主要依赖数学规划模型，通过归纳相关评估标准生成合理布局。然而，由于决策空间庞大、标准间固有冲突以及决策者偏好等因素，这一优化过程面临重大挑战。针对这些问题，我们提出FSLens——一种交互式可视分析系统，能够对消防站布局进行深度评估与理性优化。该方法整合火灾记录及相关特征，利用时空序列预测揭示火灾发生模式及影响因素。我们设计了一种交互式可视化方法，基于火灾分布与现有消防站布局，探索城市中消防服务潜在资源不足的区域。此外，我们开发了协同人机多准则决策模型，生成多组候选方案以优化这些区域的消防资源。通过精心设计的可视化手段，我们模拟并比较不同方案对原始布局的影响，为决策者提供最优方案。通过一项基于真实数据集的案例研究，我们验证了该方法的有效性。领域专家的反馈表明，该系统有助于更准确地识别并改进当前消防站布局中的潜在缺口。