Artificial intelligence (AI) researchers have been developing and refining large language models (LLMs) that exhibit remarkable capabilities across a variety of domains and tasks, challenging our understanding of learning and cognition. The latest model developed by OpenAI, GPT-4, was trained using an unprecedented scale of compute and data. In this paper, we report on our investigation of an early version of GPT-4, when it was still in active development by OpenAI. We contend that (this early version of) GPT-4 is part of a new cohort of LLMs (along with ChatGPT and Google's PaLM for example) that exhibit more general intelligence than previous AI models. We discuss the rising capabilities and implications of these models. We demonstrate that, beyond its mastery of language, GPT-4 can solve novel and difficult tasks that span mathematics, coding, vision, medicine, law, psychology and more, without needing any special prompting. Moreover, in all of these tasks, GPT-4's performance is strikingly close to human-level performance, and often vastly surpasses prior models such as ChatGPT. Given the breadth and depth of GPT-4's capabilities, we believe that it could reasonably be viewed as an early (yet still incomplete) version of an artificial general intelligence (AGI) system. In our exploration of GPT-4, we put special emphasis on discovering its limitations, and we discuss the challenges ahead for advancing towards deeper and more comprehensive versions of AGI, including the possible need for pursuing a new paradigm that moves beyond next-word prediction. We conclude with reflections on societal influences of the recent technological leap and future research directions.

翻译：人工智能研究人员一直在开发和完善大型语言模型（LLMs），这些模型在各个领域和任务中展现出卓越的能力，挑战了我们对学习与认知的理解。OpenAI开发的最新模型GPT-4，基于空前规模的计算资源和数据进行训练。本文报告了我们对GPT-4早期版本的调查研究——当时OpenAI仍在积极开发该模型。我们认为，（这一早期版本的）GPT-4属于新一代LLM（例如ChatGPT和Google的PaLM），其通用智能水平超越了以往的人工智能模型。我们探讨了这些模型日益增长的能力及其影响。我们证明，除了精通语言外，GPT-4能够解决涉及数学、编程、视觉、医学、法律、心理学等领域的新颖且困难的任务，无需任何特殊提示。此外，在所有这些任务中，GPT-4的表现与人类水平惊人地接近，且往往远超ChatGPT等先前模型。鉴于GPT-4能力的广度和深度，我们认为它可以被视为人工智能通用系统（AGI）的早期（仍不完整）版本。在探索GPT-4的过程中，我们特别关注其局限性，并讨论了迈向更深入、更全面AGI版本所面临的挑战，包括可能需要探索超越下一词预测的新范式。最后，我们反思了近期技术飞跃对社会的影响及未来研究方向。