The hardware computing landscape is changing. What used to be distributed systems can now be found on a chip with highly configurable, diverse, specialized and general purpose units. Such Systems-on-a-Chip (SoC) are used to control today's cyber-physical systems, being the building blocks of critical infrastructures. They are deployed in harsh environments and are connected to the cyberspace, which makes them exposed to both accidental faults and targeted cyberattacks. This is in addition to the changing fault landscape that continued technology scaling, emerging devices and novel application scenarios will bring. In this paper, we discuss how the very features, distributed, parallelized, reconfigurable, heterogeneous, that cause many of the imminent and emerging security and resilience challenges, also open avenues for their cure though SoC replication, diversity, rejuvenation, adaptation, and hybridization. We show how to leverage these techniques at different levels across the entire SoC hardware/software stack, calling for more research on the topic.

翻译：硬件计算格局正在发生变化。曾经属于分布式系统的特征，如今已可在单一芯片上实现，该芯片集成了高度可配置、多样化、专用化与通用化的计算单元。此类片上系统（SoC）用于控制当代信息物理系统，成为关键基础设施的构建模块。它们部署在恶劣环境中，并与网络空间相连，因此同时面临意外故障与针对性网络攻击的风险。此外，随着技术持续微缩、新型器件涌现及创新应用场景出现，故障形态也在不断演变。本文探讨了分布式、并行化、可重构及异构化等特征——这些特征既引发了众多迫在眉睫的新兴安全与弹性挑战，同时也通过SoC复制、多样性、再生、自适应及混合化等技术为应对这些挑战开辟了途径。我们展示了如何在整个SoC硬件/软件堆栈的不同层次上利用这些技术，并呼吁对该课题开展更多研究。