Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF), as a pioneering technique in computer vision, offer great potential to revolutionize medical imaging by synthesizing three-dimensional representations from the projected two-dimensional image data. However, they face unique challenges when applied to medical applications. This paper presents a comprehensive examination of applications of NeRFs in medical imaging, highlighting four imminent challenges, including fundamental imaging principles, inner structure requirement, object boundary definition, and color density significance. We discuss current methods on different organs and discuss related limitations. We also review several datasets and evaluation metrics and propose several promising directions for future research.

翻译：神经辐射场（NeRF）作为计算机视觉领域的开创性技术，通过从投影二维图像数据合成三维表征，为革新医学成像带来了巨大潜力。然而，其在医学应用领域面临独特挑战。本文全面考察了NeRF在医学成像中的应用，提出了四项亟待解决的挑战，包括基础成像原理、内部结构要求、物体边界定义以及颜色密度重要性。我们探讨了目前针对不同器官的研究方法及其局限性，同时综述了相关数据集与评估指标，并提出了若干具有前景的未来研究方向。