Future wireless networks and sensing systems will benefit from access to large chunks of spectrum above 100 GHz, to achieve terabit-per-second data rates in 6th Generation (6G) cellular systems and improve accuracy and reach of Earth exploration and sensing and radio astronomy applications. These are extremely sensitive to interference from artificial signals, thus the spectrum above 100 GHz features several bands which are protected from active transmissions under current spectrum regulations. To provide more agile access to the spectrum for both services, active and passive users will have to coexist without harming passive sensing operations. In this paper, we provide the first, fundamental analysis of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) that large-scale terrestrial deployments introduce in different satellite sensing systems now orbiting the Earth. We develop a geometry-based analysis and extend it into a data-driven model which accounts for realistic propagation, building obstruction, ground reflection, for network topology with up to $10^5$ nodes in more than $85$ km$^2$. We show that the presence of harmful RFI depends on several factors, including network load, density and topology, satellite orientation, and building density. The results and methodology provide the foundation for the development of coexistence solutions and spectrum policy towards 6G.

翻译：未来无线网络与感知系统将受益于接入100 GHz以上大块频谱，以实现第六代（6G）蜂窝系统太比特每秒的数据速率，并提升地球探测、感知及射电天文学应用的精度与覆盖范围。这类系统对人工信号干扰极为敏感，因此100 GHz以上频谱中部分频段根据现行频谱法规受到主动传输保护。为使两类服务实现更灵活的频谱接入，主动与被动用户需在不对无源感知运行造成损害的前提下共存。本文首次从基础层面分析大规模地面部署对当前在轨不同卫星感知系统引入的射频干扰（RFI）。我们发展了基于几何结构的分析方法，并将其推广为数据驱动模型，该模型考虑了实际传播、建筑遮挡、地面反射等因素，适用于网络拓扑中超过85平方公里内多达10^5个节点的场景。研究表明，有害RFI的存在取决于多个因素，包括网络负载、密度与拓扑、卫星朝向以及建筑密度。本文的结果与方法为面向6G的共存解决方案与频谱策略的制定奠定了基础。