The rapid proliferation of multimedia applications in smart city environments and the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) presents significant challenges for existing network infrastructures, particularly with the advent of 5G and emerging 6G technologies. Traditional architectures struggle to meet the demands for scalability, adaptability, and energy efficiency required by data-intensive multimedia services. To address these challenges, this study proposes an innovative, energy-efficient framework for multimedia resource management in software-defined 5G/6G IoV networks, leveraging a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. The framework integrates Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) technologies to enable centralized and adaptive control over network resources. By employing a PID controller, it dynamically manages load distribution and temperature, ensuring balanced resource allocation and minimizing energy waste. Comprehensive simulations validate the framework's effectiveness, demonstrating significant improvements in load balancing, CPU utilization, and energy consumption compared to traditional methods. For instance, under heavy traffic conditions, the proposed framework maintained resource efficiency, reducing power consumption by up to 30% and achieving nearly equal load distribution across all network components. Additionally, the controller exhibited exceptional scalability, effectively responding to over 98% of vehicle requests even in scenarios of extreme traffic demand.

翻译：智慧城市环境与车联网中多媒体应用的快速普及，对现有网络基础设施提出了重大挑战，尤其是在5G及新兴6G技术到来的背景下。传统架构难以满足数据密集型多媒体服务对可扩展性、适应性与能源效率的需求。为应对这些挑战，本研究提出一种创新的节能框架，用于软件定义5G/6G车联网中的多媒体资源管理，该框架基于比例-积分-微分控制器。该框架整合了软件定义网络与网络功能虚拟化技术，以实现对网络资源的集中式自适应控制。通过采用PID控制器，该框架动态管理负载分布与温度，确保资源分配的均衡性并最大限度地减少能源浪费。综合仿真验证了该框架的有效性，结果表明其在负载均衡、CPU利用率及能耗方面相比传统方法均有显著提升。例如，在高流量条件下，所提框架保持了资源效率，将功耗降低最高达30%，并在所有网络组件间实现了近乎均等的负载分布。此外，该控制器展现出卓越的可扩展性，即使在极端流量需求场景下，仍能有效响应超过98%的车辆请求。