Foundation models (FMs), such as Large Language Models (LLMs), have revolutionized software development by enabling new use cases and business models. We refer to software built using FMs as FMware. The unique properties of FMware (e.g., prompts, agents, and the need for orchestration), coupled with the intrinsic limitations of FMs (e.g., hallucination) lead to a completely new set of software engineering challenges. Based on our industrial experience, we identified 10 key SE4FMware challenges that have caused enterprise FMware development to be unproductive, costly, and risky. In this paper, we discuss these challenges in detail and state the path for innovation that we envision. Next, we present FMArts, which is our long-term effort towards creating a cradle-to-grave platform for the engineering of trustworthy FMware. Finally, we (i) show how the unique properties of FMArts enabled us to design and develop a complex FMware for a large customer in a timely manner and (ii) discuss the lessons that we learned in doing so. We hope that the disclosure of the aforementioned challenges and our associated efforts to tackle them will not only raise awareness but also promote deeper and further discussions, knowledge sharing, and innovative solutions across the software engineering discipline.

翻译：基础模型（例如大型语言模型）已通过催生新用例与商业模式而革新了软件开发。我们将基于基础模型构建的软件称为FMware。FMware的独特属性（如提示、智能体及编排需求），结合基础模型固有的局限性（如幻觉现象），衍生出一整套全新的软件工程挑战。基于我们的行业实践经验，我们识别出10项关键的SE4FMware挑战，这些挑战已导致企业级FMware开发效率低下、成本高昂且风险丛生。本文详细探讨了这些挑战，并阐述了我们认为的创新路径。随后，我们介绍了FMArts——这是我们在构建可信FMware全生命周期工程平台方面的长期努力。最后，我们展示FMArts独特属性如何助力我们为大型客户及时设计与开发复杂的FMware，并总结在此过程中汲取的经验教训。我们期望上述挑战的公开及其应对举措，不仅能提升认知，更能推动软件工程领域更深入广泛的讨论、知识共享与创新解决方案。