Distributed energy trading and carbon asset management involve high-frequency, small-value settlements with strong audit requirements. Fully on-chain designs incur excessive cost, while purely off-chain approaches lack verifiable consistency. This paper presents a hybrid on-chain and off-chain settlement framework that anchors settlement commitments and key constraints on-chain and links off-chain records through deterministic digests and replayable auditing. Experiments under publicly constrained workloads show that the framework significantly reduces on-chain execution and storage cost while preserving audit trustworthiness.

翻译：分布式能源交易与碳资产管理涉及高频、小额的结算场景，且具有严格的审计要求。完全上链方案成本过高，而纯链下方案则缺乏可验证的一致性。本文提出一种链上与链下相结合的混合结算框架，将结算承诺与关键约束锚定于链上，并通过确定性摘要与可复现审计机制关联链下记录。在公开约束工作负载下的实验表明，该框架在保持审计可信度的同时，显著降低了链上执行与存储成本。