Carbon credit systems have emerged as a policy tool to incentivize emission reductions and support the transition to clean energy. Reliable carbon-credit certification depends on mechanisms that connect actual, measured renewable-energy production to verifiable emission-reduction records. Although blockchain and IoT technologies have been applied to emission monitoring and trading, existing work offers limited support for certification processes, particularly for small and medium-scale renewable installations. This paper introduces a blockchain-based carbon-credit certification architecture, demonstrated through a 100 kWp photovoltaic case study, that integrates real-time IoT data collection, edge-level aggregation, and secure on-chain storage on a permissioned blockchain with smart contracts. Unlike approaches focused on trading mechanisms, the proposed system aligns with European legislation and voluntary carbon-market standards, clarifying the practical requirements and constraints that apply to photovoltaic operators. The resulting architecture provides a structured pathway for generating verifiable carbon-credit records and supporting third-party verification.

翻译：碳信用体系已成为激励减排和支持清洁能源转型的政策工具。可靠的碳信用认证依赖于将实际测量的可再生能源产量与可验证的减排记录相连接的机制。尽管区块链和物联网技术已应用于排放监测与交易，现有研究对认证流程的支持有限，尤其针对中小型可再生能源设施。本文提出一种基于区块链的碳信用认证架构，并通过一个100千瓦峰值光伏案例研究进行演示。该架构集成了实时物联网数据采集、边缘层聚合以及基于许可区块链与智能合约的安全链上存储。与聚焦交易机制的方法不同，所提出的系统符合欧洲法规和自愿碳市场标准，阐明了适用于光伏运营商的实际要求与约束条件。最终架构为生成可验证的碳信用记录及支持第三方核查提供了结构化路径。