Worker-Centered Design (WCD) has gained prominence over the past decade, offering researchers and practitioners ways to engage worker agency and support collective actions for workers. Yet few studies have systematically revisited WCD itself, examining its implementations, challenges, and practical impact. Through a four-lens analytical framework that examines multiple facets of WCD within food delivery industry, we identify critical tensions and blind spots from a Multi-Laborer System perspective. Our analysis reveals conflicts across labor chains, distorted implementations of WCD, designers' sometimes limited political-economic understanding, and workers as active agents of change. These insights further inform a Diagnostic-Generative pathway that helps to address recurring risks, including labor conflicts and institutional reframing, while cultivating designers' policy and economic imagination. Following the design criticism tradition, and through a four-lens reflexive analysis, this study expands the action space for WCD and strengthens its relevance to real-world practice.

翻译：以工人为中心的设计（WCD）在过去十年中日益受到重视，为研究者和实践者提供了调动工人能动性、支持工人集体行动的途径。然而，少有研究系统性地重访WCD本身，审视其实施方式、挑战与实际影响。通过一个四维分析框架，我们在外卖行业背景下考察WCD的多个面向，从多劳动者系统的视角识别出关键张力与盲点。我们的分析揭示了劳动链条中的冲突、WCD的扭曲实施、设计者有时受限的政治经济理解，以及工人作为变革的积极能动者。这些洞见进一步启发了一条诊断-生成路径，有助于应对包括劳资冲突和制度重构在内的反复出现的风险，同时培育设计者的政策与经济想象力。遵循设计批评传统，并通过四维反思性分析，本研究拓展了WCD的行动空间，并增强了其与现实实践的相关性。