The advancement of generative AI, particularly large language models (LLMs), has a significant impact on politics and democracy, offering potential across various domains, including policymaking, political communication, analysis, and governance. This paper surveys the recent and potential applications of LLMs in politics, examining both their promises and the associated challenges. This paper examines the ways in which LLMs are being employed in legislative processes, political communication, and political analysis. Moreover, we investigate the potential of LLMs in diplomatic and national security contexts, economic and social modeling, and legal applications. While LLMs offer opportunities to enhance efficiency, inclusivity, and decision-making in political processes, they also present challenges related to bias, transparency, and accountability. The paper underscores the necessity for responsible development, ethical considerations, and governance frameworks to ensure that the integration of LLMs into politics aligns with democratic values and promotes a more just and equitable society.

翻译：生成式人工智能，特别是大型语言模型（LLMs）的发展，对政治与民主领域产生了深远影响，其在政策制定、政治传播、分析与治理等多个方面展现出巨大潜力。本文系统综述了LLMs在政治领域的最新应用与潜在前景，同时探讨了其带来的机遇与挑战。文章详细考察了LLMs在立法流程、政治传播及政治分析中的具体应用方式。此外，我们还探究了LLMs在外交与国家安全、经济社会建模以及法律应用等场景中的潜在价值。尽管LLMs为提升政治过程的效率、包容性与决策水平提供了机遇，但其也带来了与偏见、透明度及问责机制相关的挑战。本文强调，为确保LLMs与政治体系的融合符合民主价值观并推动社会更加公正与平等，必须进行负责任的技术开发、伦理考量并建立相应的治理框架。