The large bandwidths available at millimeter wave (mmWave) FR2 bands (24-71 GHz) and the emerging FR3 bands (7-24 GHz) are essential for supporting high data rates. Highly directional beams utilized to overcome the attenuation in these frequencies necessitate robust and efficient beamforming schemes. Nevertheless, antenna and beam management approaches still face challenges in highly mobile solutions, such as vehicular connectivity, with increasing number of bands. In this work, the concepts of spectrum mobility is studied along with antenna array management in multiple frequencies to improve beamforming under mobility. The spectrum mobility problem aims to select the optimal channel frequency and beam direction in each time slot to maximize data rate. This problem is formulated as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) and Point-Based Value Iteration (PBVI) algorithm is used to find a policy with performance guarantees. Numerical examples confirm the efficacy of the resulting policy for multiple available frequency bands, even when the user mobility significantly deviates from models assumed during policy generation.

翻译：毫米波（mmWave）FR2频段（24-71 GHz）与新兴FR3频段（7-24 GHz）所提供的大带宽对于支持高数据速率至关重要。为克服这些频段的衰减而采用的高指向性波束，需要稳健高效的波束赋形方案。然而，随着可用频段数量的增加，天线与波束管理方法在车载通信等高移动性场景中仍面临挑战。本研究探讨了在多频段下结合频谱移动性与天线阵列管理的概念，以提升移动环境中的波束赋形性能。频谱移动性问题旨在每个时隙中选择最优信道频率与波束方向以最大化数据速率。该问题被建模为部分可观测马尔可夫决策过程（POMDP），并采用基于点的值迭代（PBVI）算法来求解具有性能保证的策略。数值算例证实了所得策略在多个可用频段下的有效性，即使用户移动性与策略生成时所假设的模型存在显著偏差。