Pinching antenna systems have attracted much attention recently owing to its capability to maintain reliable line-of-sight (LoS) communication in high-frequency bands. By guiding signals through a waveguide and emitting them via a movable pinching antenna, these systems enable dynamic control of signal propagation and spatial adaptability. However, their performance heavily depends on effective resource allocation-encompassing power, bandwidth, and antenna positioning-which becomes challenging under imperfect channel state information (CSI) and user localization uncertainty. Existing studies largely assume perfect CSI or ideal user positioning, while our prior work considered uniform localization errors, an oversimplified assumption. In this paper, we develop a robust resource allocation framework for multiuser downlink pinching antenna systems under Gaussian-distributed localization uncertainty, which more accurately models real-world positioning errors. An energy efficiency (EE) maximization problem is formulated subject to probabilistic outage constraints, and an analytical power allocation strategy is derived under given antenna positions. On this basis, the heuristic particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed to identify the antenna position that achieves the global EE configuration. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed scheme greatly enhances both EE and system reliability compared with fixed-antenna benchmark, validating its effectiveness for practical high-frequency wireless deployments.

翻译：夹持天线系统因其在高频段保持可靠视距通信的能力而备受关注。通过引导信号通过波导并由可移动的夹持天线辐射，这些系统实现了信号传播的动态控制和空间适应性。然而，其性能高度依赖于有效的资源分配——包括功率、带宽和天线定位——在不完善的信道状态信息和用户定位不确定的情况下，这变得尤为困难。现有研究大多假设完美的信道状态信息或理想的用户定位，而我们先前的工作考虑了均匀定位误差，这是一种过度简化的假设。本文针对高斯分布定位不确定下的多用户下行链路夹持天线系统，开发了一种鲁棒资源分配框架，该框架更准确地模拟了实际定位误差。在概率中断约束条件下，建立了能量效率最大化问题，并在给定天线位置下推导出解析功率分配策略。在此基础上，采用启发式粒子群优化算法确定实现全局能量效率配置的天线位置。仿真结果表明，与固定天线基准方案相比，所提方案显著提升了能量效率和系统可靠性，验证了其在实际高频无线部署中的有效性。