Future wireless networks and sensing systems will benefit from access to large chunks of spectrum above 100 GHz, to achieve terabit-per-second data rates in 6th Generation (6G) cellular systems and improve accuracy and reach of Earth exploration and sensing and radio astronomy applications. These are extremely sensitive to interference from artificial signals, thus the spectrum above 100~GHz features several bands which are protected from active transmissions under current spectrum regulations. To provide more agile access to the spectrum for both services, active and passive users will have to coexist without harming passive sensing operations. In this paper, we provide the first, fundamental analysis of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) that large-scale terrestrial deployments introduce in different satellite sensing systems now orbiting the Earth. We develop a geometry-based analysis and extend it into a data-driven model which accounts for realistic propagation, building obstruction, ground reflection, for network topology with up to $10^5$ nodes in more than $85$ km$^2$. We show that the presence of harmful RFI depends on several factors, including network load, density and topology, satellite orientation, and building density. The results and methodology provide the foundation for the development of coexistence solutions and spectrum policy towards 6G.

翻译：未来无线网络与感知系统将受益于获得100 GHz以上大块频谱资源，以实现第六代（6G）蜂窝系统太比特每秒的数据速率，并提升地球探测、无源感知及射电天文学应用的精度与覆盖范围。由于这些应用对人工信号干扰极其敏感，当前频谱法规在100 GHz以上频段中划定了多个保护频段，禁止主动传输。为更灵活地实现两种服务的频谱接入，主动与无源用户需在不损害无源感知操作的前提下共存。本文首次对大规模地面部署在不同在轨卫星感知系统中引入的射频干扰（RFI）进行了基础性分析。我们开发了一种基于几何的分析方法，并将其扩展为数据驱动模型，该模型考虑了现实传播、建筑遮挡、地面反射等因素，适用于超过85 km²范围内节点数达10^5的网络拓扑。研究表明，有害RFI的存在取决于多个因素，包括网络负载、密度与拓扑、卫星朝向以及建筑密度。本研究的结果与方法为面向6G的共存解决方案及频谱政策制定奠定了基础。