The Internet of Things (IoT) has grown significantly in popularity, accompanied by increased capacity and lower cost of communications, and overwhelming development of technologies. At the same time, big data and real-time data analysis have taken on great importance and have been accompanied by unprecedented interest in sharing data among citizens, public administrations and other organisms, giving rise to what is known as the Collaborative Internet of Things. This growth in data and infrastructure must be accompanied by a software architecture that allows its exploitation. Although there are various proposals focused on the exploitation of the IoT at edge, fog and/or cloud levels, it is not easy to find a software solution that exploits the three tiers together, taking maximum advantage not only of the analysis of contextual and situational data at each tier, but also of two-way communications between adjacent ones. In this paper, we propose an architecture that solves these deficiencies by proposing novel technologies which are appropriate for managing the resources of each tier: edge, fog and cloud. In addition, the fact that two-way communications along the three tiers of the architecture is allowed considerably enriches the contextual and situational information in each layer, and substantially assists decision making in real time. The paper illustrates the proposed software architecture through a case study of respiratory disease surveillance in hospitals. As a result, the proposed architecture permits efficient communications between the different tiers responding to the needs of these types of IoT scenarios.

翻译：物联网的普及程度显著提升，伴随而来的是通信容量增大、成本降低以及技术的迅猛发展。与此同时，大数据与实时数据分析的重要性日益凸显，并引发了公众、公共管理部门及其他组织之间对数据共享的空前关注，由此催生了所谓的"协作式物联网"。这种数据与基础设施的增长，亟需配套的软件架构以支撑其有效利用。尽管目前已有多项针对边缘层、雾层和/或云层的物联网应用方案，但能够将这三层协同整合、在充分利用各层上下文与情景数据分析的基础上实现相邻层间双向通信的软件解决方案仍难以寻觅。本文提出一种通过新颖技术解决上述缺陷的架构，该架构适用于管理边缘层、雾层和云层三层资源。此外，该架构允许三层间进行双向通信，这一特性显著丰富了各层的上下文与情景信息，并为实时决策提供了实质性支撑。本文通过医院呼吸疾病监测案例研究对该软件架构进行了阐释。结果表明，所提出的架构能够高效实现不同层级间的通信，满足此类物联网场景的实际需求。