While several recent works have identified societal-scale and extinction-level risks to humanity arising from artificial intelligence, few have attempted an {\em exhaustive taxonomy} of such risks. Many exhaustive taxonomies are possible, and some are useful -- particularly if they reveal new risks or practical approaches to safety. This paper explores a taxonomy based on accountability: whose actions lead to the risk, are the actors unified, and are they deliberate? We also provide stories to illustrate how the various risk types could each play out, including risks arising from unanticipated interactions of many AI systems, as well as risks from deliberate misuse, for which combined technical and policy solutions are indicated.

翻译：尽管近期多项研究指出了人工智能可能对人类产生的社会级乃至灭绝级风险，但极少有研究尝试对这些风险进行详尽的分类。详尽的分类体系可能存在多种形式，且其中某些分类方法具有实际价值——尤其是当它们能够揭示新型风险或提供实现安全的实用途径时。本文基于责任维度构建分类体系：风险由谁的行为引发？行为主体是否具有统一性？行为是否带有故意性？我们同时通过案例阐述各类风险的可能演变路径，包括多个人工智能系统意外交互产生的风险，以及技术手段与政策方案相结合的蓄意滥用风险。