Blockchain technology facilitates the development of decentralized systems that ensure trust and transparency without the need for expensive centralized intermediaries. However, existing blockchain architectures particularly consortium blockchains face critical challenges related to scalability and efficiency. State sharding has emerged as a promising approach to enhance blockchain scalability and performance. However, current shard-based solutions often struggle to guarantee fair participation and a balanced workload distribution among consortium members. To address these limitations, we propose Trusted Intelligent NetChain (TINC), a multi-plane sharding architecture specifically designed for consortium blockchains. TINC incorporates intelligent mechanisms for adaptive node assignment and dynamic workload balancing, enabling the system to respond effectively to changing network conditions while maintaining equitable shard utilization. By decoupling the control and data planes, TINC allows control nodes to focus on consensus operations, while data nodes handle large-scale storage, thus improving overall resource efficiency. Extensive experimental evaluation and formal analysis demonstrate that TINC significantly outperforms existing shard-based blockchain frameworks. It achieves higher throughput, lower latency, balanced node and transaction distributions, and reduced transaction failure rates. Furthermore, TINC maintains essential blockchain security guarantees, exhibiting resilience against Byzantine faults and dynamic network environments. The integration of Dynamic Decentralized Identifiers (DDIDs) further strengthens trust and security management within the consortium network.

翻译：区块链技术促进了去中心化系统的发展，这些系统无需昂贵的中心化中介即可确保信任与透明度。然而，现有区块链架构，尤其是联盟链，面临着与可扩展性和效率相关的关键挑战。状态分片已成为提升区块链可扩展性与性能的一种有前景的方法。但当前基于分片的解决方案往往难以保证联盟成员间的公平参与与均衡工作负载分配。为应对这些局限，我们提出了可信智能网络链（TINC），这是一种专为联盟链设计的多平面分片架构。TINC集成了自适应节点分配与动态负载均衡的智能机制，使系统能够有效响应变化的网络条件，同时保持分片利用的公平性。通过解耦控制平面与数据平面，TINC使控制节点专注于共识操作，而数据节点处理大规模存储，从而提高了整体资源效率。广泛的实验评估与形式化分析表明，TINC显著优于现有的基于分片的区块链框架。它实现了更高的吞吐量、更低的延迟、均衡的节点与交易分布，以及更低的交易失败率。此外，TINC保持了区块链的基本安全保证，展现出对拜占庭故障和动态网络环境的韧性。动态去中心化标识符（DDID）的集成进一步增强了联盟网络内的信任与安全管理。