Panoramic X-rays are frequently used in dentistry for treatment planning, but their interpretation can be both time-consuming and prone to error. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to aid in the analysis of these X-rays, thereby improving the accuracy of dental diagnoses and treatment plans. Nevertheless, designing automated algorithms for this purpose poses significant challenges, mainly due to the scarcity of annotated data and variations in anatomical structure. To address these issues, the Dental Enumeration and Diagnosis on Panoramic X-rays Challenge (DENTEX) has been organized in association with the International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) in 2023. This challenge aims to promote the development of algorithms for multi-label detection of abnormal teeth, using three types of hierarchically annotated data: partially annotated quadrant data, partially annotated quadrant-enumeration data, and fully annotated quadrant-enumeration-diagnosis data, inclusive of four different diagnoses. In this paper, we present the results of evaluating participant algorithms on the fully annotated data, additionally investigating performance variation for quadrant, enumeration, and diagnosis labels in the detection of abnormal teeth. The provision of this annotated dataset, alongside the results of this challenge, may lay the groundwork for the creation of AI-powered tools that can offer more precise and efficient diagnosis and treatment planning in the field of dentistry. The evaluation code and datasets can be accessed at https://github.com/ibrahimethemhamamci/DENTEX

翻译：全景X光片广泛应用于牙科治疗规划，但其判读既耗时又易出错。人工智能（AI）有望辅助此类X光片分析，从而提高牙科诊断与治疗方案的准确性。然而，设计用于此目的的自动化算法面临重大挑战，主要源于标注数据稀缺与解剖结构变异。为应对这些问题，我们于2023年联合国际医学图像计算与计算机辅助介入会议（MICCAI）组织了“全景X光片牙位标注与诊断挑战赛（DENTEX）”。该挑战赛旨在利用三种层次化标注数据（部分标注的象限数据、部分标注的象限-牙位枚举数据，以及包含四种不同诊断的全标注象限-牙位枚举-诊断数据），推动异常牙齿多标签检测算法的发展。本文呈现了在全标注数据上对参赛算法评估的结果，并进一步探究了象限、牙位枚举和诊断标签在异常牙齿检测中的性能差异。该标注数据集与挑战赛结果有望为开发能够提供更精准、高效牙科诊断与治疗规划的AI工具奠定基础。评估代码与数据集可访问 https://github.com/ibrahimethemhamamci/DENTEX 获取。