The recent advances of AI technology, particularly in AI-Generated Content (AIGC), have enabled everyone to easily generate beautiful paintings with simple text description. With the stunning quality of AI paintings, it is widely questioned whether there still exists difference between human and AI paintings and whether human artists will be replaced by AI. To answer these questions, we develop a computational framework combining neural latent space and aesthetics features with visual analytics to investigate the difference between human and AI paintings. First, with categorical comparison of human and AI painting collections, we find that AI artworks show distributional difference from human artworks in both latent space and some aesthetic features like strokes and sharpness, while in other aesthetic features like color and composition there is less difference. Second, with individual artist analysis of Picasso, we show human artists' strength in evolving new styles compared to AI. Our findings provide concrete evidence for the existing discrepancies between human and AI paintings and further suggest improvements of AI art with more consideration of aesthetics and human artists' involvement.

翻译：人工智能技术的近期发展，特别是在AI生成内容（AIGC）领域，使每个人都能通过简单的文本描述轻松生成精美的画作。鉴于AI绘画令人惊叹的卓越质量，人们普遍质疑人类与AI绘画之间是否仍存在差异，以及人类艺术家是否会被AI取代。为解答这些问题，我们构建了一个融合神经潜在空间与美学特征的计算框架，结合视觉分析方法，探究人类与AI绘画的差异。首先，通过对人类与AI绘画合集进行分类比较，我们发现AI艺术作品在潜在空间以及某些美学特征（如笔触与锐度）上，与人类艺术作品存在分布差异；而在色彩与构图等其他美学特征上差异较小。其次，通过对毕加索的个体艺术家分析，我们揭示了人类艺术家在风格创新方面相较于AI的优势。我们的研究为人类与AI绘画之间存在的差异提供了具体证据，并进一步建议AI艺术的改进应更多考虑美学因素及人类艺术家的参与。