Based on the analysis of the data obtainable from the Web of Science publication and citation database, typical signs of possible papermilling behavior are described, quantified, and illustrated by examples. A MATLAB function is provided for the analysis of the outputs from the Web of Science. A new quantitative indicator -- integrity index, or I-index -- is proposed for using it along with standard bibliographic and scientometric indicators.

翻译：基于对Web of Science出版物与引文数据库可获取数据的分析，本文描述、量化并通过实例说明了可能存在的论文工厂行为的典型特征。文中提供了一个用于分析Web of Science输出结果的MATLAB函数。同时提出了一种新的量化指标——诚信指数（I-index），建议将其与标准文献计量学和科学计量学指标结合使用。