VEs are typically limited to visual and auditory cues; however, recent results show that multiple sensory modalities increase the immersion. In this study, an experimental protocol is proposed to recreate multiple tactile, in particular thermal, sensations in VR. The aim is twofold: (1) studying the performance of different devices for creating warm and cold sensations with regards to their efficiency and acoustic disturbance; and (2) investigating the interdependency between visual and tactile stimuli in the perception of temperature. 14 participants performed two experimental studies. Our results show no acoustic disturbance of the materials used. Spot projector is more efficient than fan heater to create a warm sensation; fan + water spray is more efficient than fan alone to create cold sensation. Moreover, no significant contribution of visual cue on the thermal perception was found except for the extremely cold simulation (snow visualization and thermal stimulation performed with fan + water spray).

翻译：虚拟环境通常仅限于视觉和听觉线索；然而，最近的结果表明，多个感官模态增加了沉浸感。本研究提出了一种实验方案，以在虚拟现实中重新创建多种触觉，特别是热感，的感觉。旨在：（1）研究使用不同设备创建温暖和寒冷感觉方面的效率和声学干扰的表现；以及（2）研究视觉和触觉刺激在温度感知中的依存关系。 14名参与者进行了两项实验研究。我们的结果显示材料使用没有声学干扰。点投影仪比风扇加热器更有效地创建温暖感；风扇+喷水比单独使用风扇更有效地创造冷感。此外，除了极冷情况（雪花可视化和风扇+喷水进行的热刺激），视觉线索对温度感知没有显著贡献。