This article discusses the application of single vector hydrophones in the field of underwater acoustic signal processing for Direction Of Arrival (DOA) estimation. Addressing the limitations of traditional DOA estimation methods in multi-source environments and under noise interference, this study introduces a Vector Signal Reconstruction Sparse and Parametric Approach (VSRSPA). This method involves reconstructing the signal model of a single vector hydrophone, converting its covariance matrix into a Toeplitz structure suitable for the Sparse and Parametric Approach (SPA) algorithm. The process then optimizes it using the SPA algorithm to achieve more accurate DOA estimation. Through detailed simulation analysis, this research has confirmed the performance of the proposed algorithm in single and dual-target DOA estimation scenarios, especially under various signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) conditions. The simulation results show that, compared to traditional DOA estimation methods, this algorithm has significant advantages in estimation accuracy and resolution, particularly in multi-source signals and low SNR environments. The contribution of this study lies in providing an effective new method for DOA estimation with single vector hydrophones in complex environments, introducing new research directions and solutions in the field of vector hydrophone signal processing.

翻译：本文探讨了单矢量水听器在水声信号处理领域中进行波达方向估计的应用。针对传统DOA估计方法在多源环境及噪声干扰下的局限性，本研究引入了一种基于矢量信号重构稀疏与参数化方法。该方法通过重构单矢量水听器的信号模型，将其协方差矩阵转换为适用于稀疏与参数化算法算法的Toeplitz结构，进而利用SPA算法进行优化，以实现更精确的DOA估计。通过详细的仿真分析，本研究验证了所提算法在单目标和双目标DOA估计场景中的性能，特别是在不同信噪比条件下。仿真结果表明，与传统DOA估计方法相比，该算法在估计精度和分辨率方面具有显著优势，尤其是在多源信号和低信噪比环境下。本研究的贡献在于为复杂环境中单矢量水听器的DOA估计提供了一种有效的新方法，并为矢量水听器信号处理领域引入了新的研究方向与解决方案。