This paper presents LatencyScope, a mathematical framework for computing one-way uplink and downlink latency in fifth-generation radio access networks across diverse system configurations. LatencyScope models latency sources across the protocol stack, including radio interfaces, scheduling decisions, processing delays, frame structures, and hardware and software constraints, while capturing dependencies among configuration parameters and stochastic sources of delay. The framework also includes a configuration analyzer that uses these models to search billions of candidate settings and identify those that satisfy latency-reliability targets under user-specified constraints. We validate LatencyScope on two open-source fifth-generation radio access network testbeds, as well as on measurements from a public commercial fifth-generation network. The results show that LatencyScope closely matches empirical latency distributions, captures observed lower and upper latency bounds, and substantially outperforms prior analytical models and widely used fifth-generation network simulators. LatencyScope can determine whether ultra-reliable low-latency communication targets are feasible for a given deployment and, when they are feasible, efficiently find satisfying configurations, helping network operators reason about latency modeling, configuration analysis, and system-level bottlenecks.

翻译：本文提出了LatencyScope，一种用于计算第五代无线接入网中不同系统配置下上行和下行单向时延的数学框架。LatencyScope对协议栈中的时延源进行建模，包括无线接口、调度决策、处理延迟、帧结构以及硬件和软件约束，同时捕捉配置参数之间的依赖关系和时延的随机因素。该框架还包含一个配置分析器，利用这些模型搜索数十亿个候选设置，并识别出在用户指定约束下满足时延-可靠性目标的配置。我们在两个开源第五代无线接入网测试平台以及一个公共商用第五代网络的测量数据上对LatencyScope进行了验证。结果表明，LatencyScope与经验时延分布高度吻合，能够捕捉观测到的时延上下界，并且显著优于先前的分析模型和广泛使用的第五代网络模拟器。LatencyScope能够确定给定部署是否可实现超可靠低时延通信目标，并在可行时高效地找到满足要求的配置，从而帮助网络运营商对时延建模、配置分析和系统级瓶颈进行推理。