Compelling writing is tailored to its audience. This is challenging, as writers may struggle to empathize with readers, get feedback in time, or gain access to the target group. We propose a concept that generates on-demand feedback, based on writer-defined AI personas of any target audience. We explore this concept with a prototype (using GPT-3.5) in two user studies (N=5 and N=11): Writers appreciated the concept and strategically used personas for getting different perspectives. The feedback was seen as helpful and inspired revisions of text and personas, although it was often verbose and unspecific. We discuss the impact of on-demand feedback, the limited representativity of contemporary AI systems, and further ideas for defining AI personas. This work contributes to the vision of supporting writers with AI by expanding the socio-technical perspective in AI tool design: To empower creators, we also need to keep in mind their relationship to an audience.

翻译：优秀的写作需要贴合目标读者。然而，作者常难以共情读者、及时获取反馈，或接触到目标群体，这颇具挑战。我们提出了一种概念，基于作者为任意目标受众定义的AI人格，生成按需反馈。我们通过原型（采用GPT-3.5）开展了两项用户研究（样本量分别为5和11），对此概念进行探索：作者对该概念表示认可，并策略性地运用人格以获取不同视角。尽管反馈往往冗长且缺乏针对性，但被认为有助于启发对文本和人格的修改。我们讨论了按需反馈的影响、当代AI系统的有限代表性，以及定义AI人格的进一步构想。本研究通过扩展AI工具设计中的社会技术视角，为借助AI支持作者的愿景做出贡献：为赋能创作者，我们还需关注他们与受众的关系。