Building and maintaining a silicon foundry is a costly endeavor that requires substantial financial investment. From this scenario, the semiconductor business has largely shifted to a fabless model where the Integrated Circuit supply chain is globalized but potentially untrusted. In recent years, several hardware obfuscation techniques have emerged to thwart hardware security threats related to untrusted IC fabrication. Reconfigurable-based obfuscation schemes have shown great promise of security against state-of-the-art attacks -- these are techniques that rely on the transformation of static logic configurable elements such as Look Up Tables (LUTs). This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of reconfigurable-based obfuscation techniques, evaluating their overheads and enumerating their effectiveness against all known attacks. The techniques are also classified based on different factors, including the technology used, element type, and IP type. Additionally, we present a discussion on the advantages of reconfigurable-based obfuscation techniques when compared to Logic Locking techniques and the challenges associated with evaluating these techniques on hardware, primarily due to the lack of tapeouts. The survey's findings are essential for researchers interested in hardware obfuscation and future trends in this area.

翻译：建设并维护一座硅晶圆厂是一项需要巨额资金投入的高成本工程。在此背景下，半导体业务已大规模转向无晶圆厂模式，集成电路供应链呈全球化但潜在不可信。近年来，多种硬件混淆技术应运而生，以应对与不可信IC制造相关的硬件安全威胁。基于可重构的混淆方案在抵御最先进的攻击方面展现出巨大潜力——这些技术依赖于对查找表（LUT）等静态逻辑可配置元件的转换。本综述全面分析了基于可重构的混淆技术，评估其开销，并列举其对所有已知攻击的有效性。这些技术还根据多种因素进行分类，包括所用技术、元件类型和知识产权类型。此外，我们讨论了与逻辑锁定技术相比，基于可重构的混淆技术的优势，以及在硬件上评估这些技术所面临的挑战——主要由于缺乏流片测试。本综述的研究成果对关注硬件混淆及该领域未来趋势的研究人员至关重要。