Interoperability is the key to implementing a wide range of energy systems applications. It involves the seamless cooperation of different methods and components. With smart energy systems, interoperability faces challenges due to integrating differ-ent approaches and technologies. This includes dealing with heterogeneous approaches with various communication proto-cols and data formats. However, it is essential for smart energy systems to carry out thorough interoperability tests. They are usually diverse, and challenging, thus requiring careful consideration of compatibility issues and complex integration scenari-os. Overcoming these challenges requires a systematic approach that includes thorough test planning, rigorous testing, and continuous test monitoring. Although numerous testing approaches exist, most are more developed at the component/device level than at the system level. Consequently, there are few approaches and related facilities to test the interoperability of smart energy approaches and solutions at the system level. This work analyses existing interoperability test concepts, identi-fies enablers and the potential for harmonisation of procedures, and proposes further developments of these approaches.

翻译：互操作性是实现广泛能源系统应用的关键，它涉及不同方法与组件的无缝协作。在智能能源系统中，由于需要整合不同方法和技术，互操作性面临诸多挑战，包括处理采用不同通信协议和数据格式的异构方法。然而，对智能能源系统进行全面互操作性测试至关重要。这些系统通常具有多样性和复杂性，因此需要仔细考虑兼容性问题和复杂的集成场景。克服这些挑战需要采用系统化方法，包括全面的测试规划、严格的测试执行以及持续的测试监控。尽管存在多种测试方法，但大多数在组件/设备层面比在系统层面更为成熟。因此，目前在系统层面测试智能能源方法与解决方案互操作性的方法和相关设施较为缺乏。本研究分析了现有互操作性测试概念，识别了推动因素与流程协调化的潜力，并提出了这些方法的进一步发展方向。