Despite their often perceived static and slow nature, some plants can move faster than the blink of an eye. The rapid snap closure motion of the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) has long captivated the interest of researchers and engineers alike, serving as a model for plant-inspired soft machines and robots. The translation of the fast snapping closure has inspired the development of various artificial Venus flytrap (AVF) systems. However, translating both the closing and reopening motion of D. muscipula into an autonomous plant inspired soft machine has yet to be achieved. In this study, we present an AVF that autonomously closes and reopens, utilizing novel thermo-responsive UV-curable shape memory materials for soft robotic systems. The life-sized thermo-responsive AVF exhibits closing and reopening motions triggered in a naturally occurring temperature range. The doubly curved trap lobes, built from shape memory polymers, close at 38{\deg}C, while reopening initiates around 45{\deg}C, employing shape memory elastomer strips as antagonistic actuators to facilitate lobe reopening. This work represents the first demonstration of thermo-responsive closing and reopening in an AVF with programmed sequential motion in response to increasing temperature. This approach marks the next step toward autonomously bidirectional moving soft machines/robots.

翻译：尽管植物常被视为静态且缓慢的生物，某些植物却能以比眨眼更快的速度运动。捕蝇草（Dionaea muscipula）的快速闭合运动长期以来吸引着研究人员和工程师的关注，成为植物启发的软体机器人与机器人系统的研究模型。这种快速闭合运动的仿生转化已催生了多种人工捕蝇草（AVF）系统的发展。然而，将捕蝇草的闭合与重开双重运动整合为自主运行的植物启发式软体机器系统，至今尚未实现。本研究提出一种能够自主闭合与重开的人工捕蝇草系统，其采用新型热响应紫外光固化形状记忆材料构建软体机器人结构。该等比例热响应人工捕蝇草可在自然温度范围内触发闭合与重开运动：由形状记忆聚合物构建的双曲瓣叶在38°C时闭合，而约45°C时通过形状记忆弹性体条带作为拮抗驱动器启动瓣叶重开。本工作首次展示了热响应型人工捕蝇草在升温过程中按程序化顺序实现闭合与重开运动，该研究路径标志着向自主双向运动软体机器系统迈出了关键一步。