项目名称： 保守型植物抗病基因——XTNX类基因的起源及演化研究

项目编号： No.31500191

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 张艳梅

作者单位： 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 近年来对植物抗病基因（R基因）的大量研究表明，绝大多数R基因在植物演化过程中快速演化，而在较长的演化尺度上保守存在的R基因则鲜见报道。近期研究发现，拟南芥XTNX基因编码的蛋白具有识别多种病原的能力，并且其同源序列存在于小立碗藓和多个被子植物基因组中，提示该类基因可能是一类古老起源的新型保守R基因。然而，目前仅在藓类和被子植物两个类群中对XTNX基因进行了研究，对其起源和演化等多个方面的认识还不够深入。针对这些问题，本项目拟结合生物信息学和分子生物学手段，对覆盖植物各主要演化类群的代表性物种中XTNX基因的存在情况展开调查，揭示该类基因的起源；利用多种演化参数进行分析，解析其在整个植物类群中的演化模式及其两个亚类的形成机制；最后通过实验来探讨拟南芥中该类基因两个亚类的功能关系。本项目不仅能加深对不同类型植物抗病基因演化模式和功能多样性的认识，还有助于基于演化规律对新型抗病基因的发掘和利用。

中文关键词： 植物抗病基因；基因家族；基因起源；演化模式；基因功能

英文摘要： Many studies on plant disease resistance genes (R genes) have revealed their characteristics of fast evolution and complicated variation; whereas long-term evolutionarily conserved R genes have rarely been described. Recently, a group of R gene termed XTNX has been described conserved in many angiosperms genomes, as well as the Physcomitrella patens genome, indicating it’s a group of conserved R genes that originated anciently in plant. Currently, many aspects, including origin time, evolutionary pattern and function have not been well resolved for XTNX genes. Here, a systematic research was proposed for comprehensive study of XTNX genes by using both bioinformatics and molecular experimental approaches. Firstly, the presence of XTNX gene in all major lineages of the plant kingdom will be surveyed to trace its origination; then the evolutionary pattern of these genes will be investigated in detail with a serious of genetic analyses; finally the function difference among XTNX sub-lineages will be determined. We believe that this plan will extend our understanding on the evolution and function of different classes of R genes, and help us properly discovery and utilize of R genes with the guide of evolutionary patterns.

英文关键词： plant disease resistance gene;gene family;gene origin;evolutionary pattern;gene function