The physical design process of large-scale designs is a time-consuming task, often requiring hours to days to complete, with routing being the most critical and complex step. As the the complexity of Integrated Circuits (ICs) increases, there is an increased demand for accurate routing quality prediction. Accurate congestion prediction aids in identifying design flaws early on, thereby accelerating circuit design and conserving resources. Despite the advancements in current congestion prediction methodologies, an essential aspect that has been largely overlooked is the spatial label-correlation between different grids in congestion prediction. The spatial label-correlation is a fundamental characteristic of circuit design, where the congestion status of a grid is not isolated but inherently influenced by the conditions of its neighboring grids. In order to fully exploit the inherent spatial label-correlation between neighboring grids, we propose a novel approach, {\ours}, i.e., VAriational Label-Correlation Enhancement for Congestion Prediction, which considers the local label-correlation in the congestion map, associating the estimated congestion value of each grid with a local label-correlation weight influenced by its surrounding grids. {\ours} leverages variational inference techniques to estimate this weight, thereby enhancing the regression model's performance by incorporating spatial dependencies. Experiment results validate the superior effectiveness of {\ours} on the public available \texttt{ISPD2011} and \texttt{DAC2012} benchmarks using the superblue circuit line.

翻译：大规模设计的物理设计过程是一项耗时的任务，通常需要数小时至数天才能完成，其中布线是最关键且最复杂的步骤。随着集成电路（IC）复杂度的增加，对精确布线质量预测的需求日益增长。准确的拥塞预测有助于尽早发现设计缺陷，从而加速电路设计并节约资源。尽管当前的拥塞预测方法取得了进展，但一个基本被忽视的关键方面是拥塞预测中不同网格之间的空间标签相关性。空间标签相关性是电路设计的一个基本特征，其中网格的拥塞状态并非孤立存在，而是由其邻近网格的条件本质地影响。为了充分利用相邻网格之间固有的空间标签相关性，我们提出了一种新方法，即用于拥塞预测的变分标签相关性增强（VAriational Label-Correlation Enhancement for Congestion Prediction，简称{our}），该方法考虑了拥塞图中的局部标签相关性，将每个网格的估计拥塞值与其受周围网格影响的局部标签相关性权重相关联。{our}利用变分推断技术来估计此权重，从而通过融入空间依赖性提升回归模型的性能。实验结果在公开的\texttt{ISPD2011}和\texttt{DAC2012}基准测试集上，使用superblue电路系列验证了{our}的优越有效性。