Wire harnesses are essential hardware for electronic systems in modern automotive vehicles. With a shift in the automotive industry towards electrification and autonomous driving, more and more automotive electronics are responsible for energy transmission and safety-critical functions such as maneuvering, driver assistance, and safety system. This paradigm shift places more demand on automotive wire harnesses from the safety perspective and stresses the greater importance of high-quality wire harness assembly in vehicles. However, most of the current operations of wire harness assembly are still performed manually by skilled workers, and some of the manual processes are problematic in terms of quality control and ergonomics. There is also a persistent demand in the industry to increase competitiveness and gain market share. Hence, assuring assembly quality while improving ergonomics and optimizing labor costs is desired. Robotized assembly, accomplished by robots or in human-robot collaboration, is a key enabler for fulfilling the increasingly demanding quality and safety as it enables more replicable, transparent, and comprehensible processes than completely manual operations. However, robotized assembly of wire harnesses is challenging in practical environments due to the flexibility of the deformable objects, though many preliminary automation solutions have been proposed under simplified industrial configurations. Previous research efforts have proposed the use of computer vision technology to facilitate robotized automation of wire harness assembly, enabling the robots to better perceive and manipulate the flexible wire harness. This article presents an overview of computer vision technology proposed for robotized wire harness assembly and derives research gaps that require further study to facilitate a more practical robotized assembly of wire harnesses.

翻译：线束是现代汽车电子系统中不可或缺的硬件。随着汽车行业向电气化和自动驾驶转型，越来越多的汽车电子部件承担着能量传输及操控、驾驶辅助、安全系统等安全关键功能。这种范式转变从安全角度对汽车线束提出了更高要求，凸显了车载高质量线束装配的重要性。然而，当前线束装配作业仍主要由熟练工人手工完成，部分手工流程在质量控制和人体工程学方面存在问题。同时，行业持续存在提升竞争力与市场份额的需求。因此，在优化人体工学、降低劳动力成本的同时保障装配质量至关重要。通过机器人或人机协作实现的机器人化装配，能够实现比全手动操作更具可复制性、透明性和可理解性的流程，是满足日益严苛的质量与安全需求的关键手段。然而，尽管已在简化工业配置下提出诸多初步自动化方案，受制于可变形物体的柔性特性，线束的机器人化装配在实践环境中仍具挑战。前期研究提出利用计算机视觉技术促进线束装配的机器人自动化，使机器人能更有效地感知和操作柔性线束。本文综述了针对机器人化线束装配提出的计算机视觉技术，并指出需进一步研究以促进更实用的线束机器人化装配的研究缺口。