项目名称： 静电纺定向聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的定向调控及其碳化过程机理

项目编号： No.51503168

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 一般工业技术

项目作者： 刘呈坤

作者单位： 西安工程大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 随着静电纺丝技术的迅猛发展，使利用该工艺简单廉价的制备纳米碳纤维成为热点研究领域。而到目前为止，作为原丝的纳米纤维普遍为无序状态，且研究未综合考虑纳米纤维中残留溶剂、致密程度以及结晶程度等的问题。本项目提出一种简单可控获得定向排列纳米纤维束的方法，经过水洗去除溶剂、干燥致密化、湿热牵伸等预处理以及张力预氧化和碳化工序，制备定向纳米碳纤维。拟重点研究的内容一方面是在纺丝稳定可控的基础上，研究纺丝条件和纤维定向程度之间的内在关系以及纤维由无规到定向的临界转变条件，构建纤维定向化理论模型并探讨纤维的定向机理；另一方面研究预处理条件对纤维结构性能的影响规律以及由于纤维尺寸显著减小造成的纳米纤维区别于常规聚丙烯腈基碳纤维原丝的预氧化和碳化过程机理。综合分析结果，提出静电纺聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的定向调控准则和定向纳米碳纤维的制备过程机理，将对定向纳米碳纤维的进一步研究探索提供基础实验和理论支持。

中文关键词： 静电纺丝；定向调控；力学分析；定向机理；碳化过程机理

英文摘要： Along with the rapid development of electrospinning technology, preparation of carbon nanofibers through this simple and relatively cheap process has become a hot research field. But up to now, nanofibers with disordered state are often used as precursor fibers. Moreover, issues including residual solvent, compact degree, and crystallinity of the electrospun nanofibers have not been comprehensively considered. A simple and controllable method to obtain aligned nanofiber was put forward in this project. The aligned nanofiber bundles were then pretreated by washing, drying densification, and damp-heat drafting, and subsequent preoxidization and carbonization procedures in a tension state to prepare carbon nanofibers. Research contents will be focused on the two following aspects: on the one hand, relationship between spinning conditions and degree of alignment, critical transition conditions from random to aligned state, construction of theoretical model of alignment and exploration of alignment mechanism for electrospun nanofibers will be investigated. On the other hand, we will conduct a study in influence law of pretreatment conditions on the structural performance of fiber and preoxidization and carbonization mechanism for electrospun nanofibers different from conventional precursor fibers for polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers due to significant reduction of fiber size. Through comprehensive analysis of the results, directional control criterion of electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and process mechanism of preparation of aligned carbon nanofibers will be proposed. These will provide the experimental and theoretical foundation for further study of aligned carbon nanofibers.

英文关键词： Electrospinning;Directional regulation and control;Force analysis;Alignment mechanism;Carbonization mechanism