项目名称： 超级稻群体光合生理生态特点与栽培调控机理研究

项目编号： No.31501254

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 顾骏飞

作者单位： 扬州大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 水稻籽粒灌浆期同化物供应不足会导致籽粒灌浆不充分从而影响水稻产量。这种现象在大穗型、高库容的现代超级稻品种中尤为明显，直接限制了超级稻品种产量潜力的发挥。灌浆期水稻同化物的供给主要来源于花前同化物的积累与花后同化物的合成，它们均依赖于冠层群体光合能力。因此加强相关过程的生理生态研究对揭示制约现代超级稻品种实现产量潜力的关键性因素，提出相应栽培调控措施具有重要意义。本项目以生产中广泛应用的超级稻品种武运粳24和甬优2640为材料，利用植物生理生态研究手段，探讨不同栽培调控措施对叶片光合生理、冠层光氮匹配和根-冠水分平衡的影响效应。在此基础上利用模型分析方法为辅助，揭示现代超级稻品种实现产量潜力的关键制约因素及其生理调控基础。本项目预期研究结果不仅对提出通过提高群体高光效能力从而实现产量潜力的栽培措施有指导意义，而且对丰富超高产稻作栽培理论也有价值。

中文关键词： 产量潜力；水稻；光合作用；栽培措施；生理生态

英文摘要： In rice, yield production is limited by the carbohydrate supply during grain-filling, which is unable to fill the large number of florets of rice plants, especially in the newly bred ‘super’ rice with numerous spikelets on a panicle and a large yield capacity. During grain-filling carbohydrate supply depends on carbon from two sources: current photosynthetic assimilates and pre-stored assimilates in culms and leaf sheaths of rice plants. It is necessary to conduct the ecophysiological study on the sources of carbohydrate supply, which would enhance our understanding of limitations to yield potential in modern ‘super’ rice, and help to develop cultivation methods to increase rice production by optimized canopy resource distribution and improved canopy assimilates. In this project, two commonly cultivated ‘super’ rice cultivars Wuyungeng24 and Yongyou2640 was used as materials to study the ecophysiological properties of leaf photosynthesis, interaction of light and nitrogen distribution within canopy, and the relationship between root water uptake and leaf water potential under different cultivation practice. All these results integrated with modelling analysis would help us find the limitations to realizing ‘super’ rice yield potential and its physiological basis. We hope by conducting this research we could propose cultivation methods to enhance canopy assimilates, to increase ‘super’ rice yield, and also contribute to the theory of high yield rice production systems.

英文关键词： yield potential;rice ;photosynthesis;cultivation methods;ecophysiology