We propose an overlapping Schwarz space-time refinement framework for the material point method (OS-MPM) to improve computational efficiency in problems with strongly localized deformation, contact, and large geometric nonlinearity. The method decomposes the domain into overlapping coarse and fine subdomains with heterogeneous spatial and temporal resolutions, while retaining standard MPM discretizations within each subdomain. Coarse-fine coupling is achieved through an MPM-specific Schwarz iteration combining mass-weighted spatial transmission and temporal interpolation for sub-cycling. In contrast to refinement strategies based on modified basis functions, transition kernels, or strongly enforced interface constraints, the proposed approach preserves the modular structure of standard MPM and shifts the coupling complexity to nonmatching-grid interface operators within the Schwarz alternating procedure. Numerical examples, including a gravity-driven cantilever beam, Hertzian contact, and an elastic inclusion problem, show that the method reproduces analytical or fine-resolution reference solutions with good accuracy and convergence behavior. In the inclusion benchmark, the proposed framework achieves comparable or slightly lower error than single-domain fine simulations at the finest tested resolutions, while reducing computational cost by up to 9.15 times. A three-dimensional folding example further demonstrates the generality of the framework. These results indicate that the proposed method provides an accurate, modular, and efficient route for local space-time refinement in MPM.

翻译：我们提出了一种面向物质点法的重叠型Schwarz时空细化框架（OS-MPM），旨在提高具有强局部变形、接触和大几何非线性问题的计算效率。该方法将计算域分解为空间与时间分辨率各异的粗、细重叠子域，并在每个子域内保留标准MPM离散格式。粗-细耦合通过一种MPM专用的Schwarz迭代实现，该迭代结合了基于质量加权的空间传递与用于子循环的时间插值。与基于修正基函数、过渡核函数或强约束界面条件的细化策略不同，所提方法保持了标准MPM的模块化结构，并将耦合复杂性转移至Schwarz交替过程中的非匹配网格界面算子。数值算例（包括重力驱动悬臂梁、赫兹接触及弹性夹杂问题）表明，该方法能以良好的精度和收敛行为复现解析解或精细分辨率参考解。在夹杂物基准测试中，所提框架在精细测试分辨率下实现了与单域精细模拟相当或略低的误差，同时将计算成本降低了最多9.15倍。三维折叠算例进一步验证了该框架的普适性。这些结果表明，所提方法为MPM中的局部时空细化提供了一条精确、模块化且高效的途径。