Artificial Intelligence (AI), like any transformative technology, has the potential to be a double-edged sword, leading either toward significant advancements or detrimental outcomes for society as a whole. As is often the case when it comes to widely-used technologies in market economies (e.g., cars and semiconductor chips), commercial interest tends to be the predominant guiding factor. The AI community is at risk of becoming polarized to either take a laissez-faire attitude toward AI development, or to call for government overregulation. Between these two poles we argue for the community of AI practitioners to consciously and proactively work for the common good. This paper offers a blueprint for a new type of innovation infrastructure including 18 concrete milestones to guide AI research in that direction. Our view is that we are still in the early days of practical AI, and focused efforts by practitioners, policymakers, and other stakeholders can still maximize the upsides of AI and minimize its downsides. We talked to luminaries such as recent Nobelist John Jumper on science, President Barack Obama on governance, former UN Ambassador and former National Security Advisor Susan Rice on security, philanthropist Eric Schmidt on several topics, and science fiction novelist Neal Stephenson on entertainment. This ongoing dialogue and collaborative effort has produced a comprehensive, realistic view of what the actual impact of AI could be, from a diverse assembly of thinkers with deep understanding of this technology and these domains. From these exchanges, five recurring guidelines emerged, which form the cornerstone of a framework for beginning to harness AI in service of the public good. They not only guide our efforts in discovery but also shape our approach to deploying this transformative technology responsibly and ethically.

翻译：人工智能（AI）与任何变革性技术一样，都可能成为一把双刃剑，既可能引领社会取得重大进步，也可能导致有害后果。正如市场经济中广泛使用的技术（例如汽车和半导体芯片）通常所面临的情况一样，商业利益往往成为主导的引导因素。AI社区正面临两极分化的风险：要么对AI发展采取放任自流的态度，要么呼吁政府过度监管。在这两个极端之间，我们主张AI从业者群体应有意识地、积极主动地为公共利益而努力。本文提出了一种新型创新基础设施的蓝图，其中包括18个具体里程碑，以引导AI研究朝着这个方向发展。我们的观点是，实用AI仍处于早期阶段，从业者、政策制定者及其他利益相关者的集中努力仍能最大化AI的积极面并最小化其消极面。我们与多位杰出人士进行了对话，包括近期诺贝尔奖得主John Jumper（科学领域）、前总统Barack Obama（治理领域）、前联合国大使兼前国家安全顾问Susan Rice（安全领域）、慈善家Eric Schmidt（多个议题）以及科幻小说家Neal Stephenson（娱乐领域）。这种持续的对话与协作努力，汇集了深刻理解该技术及相关领域的多元思想家的见解，形成了关于AI实际可能影响的全面而现实的图景。从这些交流中，浮现出五项反复出现的指导原则，它们构成了一个旨在开始利用AI服务公共利益的框架基石。这些原则不仅指导我们的探索努力，也塑造了我们负责任且合乎道德地部署这项变革性技术的方法。