During human-robot interaction, sight plays an important role. When the human sees a robot, they can observe the robot's actions and better predict the robot's future behaviors. Conversely, when the human cannot see the robot, they become uncertain about the robot's intent and plans. In this paper, we focus on the human's field of view. Existing human-aware planners either ignore this field of view and assume the human can observe the entire scene, or intentionally design their interactions so the robot is always visible to the human. By contrast, we enable robots to infer what the human has and has not seen during interaction, i.e., the human's field of view. We then apply this estimate as a vision-aware filter on the robot's actions. Given a nominal robot policy and a model of the interaction, we roll out the policy over a short horizon to see how the robot's state updates. We then reweight the actions based on how those actions impact the robot's predicted visibility: higher weights are assigned to actions that bring the robot into (or away from) the human's line of sight. In practice, our framework provides an online estimation and filtering process that repeatedly updates its understanding of the human's field of view and then locally perturbs robot actions based on the human's vision. We evaluate our vision-aware filter on robots that assist humans in collaborative cooking and coordinate with them in driving environments. Across simulations and a 12-participant user study, we find that our vision-aware filter changes both performance and preference: participants completed over three times as many subtasks with in-view assistance while cooking, and had fewer collisions with cars that purposely stayed out of their view while driving.

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