Constituent and dependency parsing, the two classic forms of syntactic parsing, have been found to benefit from joint training and decoding under a uniform formalism, Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG). However, decoding this unified grammar has a higher time complexity ($O(n^5)$) than decoding either form individually ($O(n^3)$) since more factors have to be considered during decoding. We thus propose an improved head scorer that helps achieve a novel performance-preserved parser in $O$($n^3$) time complexity. Furthermore, on the basis of this proposed practical HPSG parser, we investigated the strengths of HPSG-based parsing and explored the general method of training an HPSG-based parser from only a constituent or dependency annotations in a multilingual scenario. We thus present a more effective, more in-depth, and general work on HPSG parsing.

翻译：在统一的形式主义、由领导驱动的语法结构(HPSG)下,修饰这种统一的语法比单独解码形式(O(n)3美元)的时间复杂得多(O(n)5美元),因为解码过程中必须考虑的因素更多,因此,我们建议改进头等分数,帮助实现新颖的以美元(n3美元)保持性能的授精员的时间复杂度,此外,根据这一拟议实用的HPSG理论分析器,我们调查了以HPSG为基础的拼写法的长处,并探讨了在多语种情况下仅从一个成份或依赖性说明中对HPSG分析器的一般培训方法,因此,我们提出了更有效、更深入和一般性的关于HPSG评析工作。