This paper is a sequel to an evolving research project on a diagrammatic methodology called thinging machine (TM). Initially, it was proposed as a base for conceptual modelling (e.g., conceptual UML) in areas such as requirement engineering. Conceptual modelling involves a high-level representation of a real-world system that integrates various components to refine it into a more concrete (computer) executable form. The TM project has progressed into a more comprehensive approach by applying it in several research areas and expanding its theoretical and ontological foundation. Accordingly, the first part of the paper involves enhancing some TM aspects related to structuring events in existence, such as absent events. The second part of the paper focuses on how to classify events and the kinds of relationships that can be recognized among events. The notion of events has occupied a central role in modelling. It influences computer science and such diverse disciplines as linguistics, probability theory, artificial intelligence, physics, philosophy and history. In TM, an event is defined as the so-called thimac (thing/machine) with a time breath that infuses dynamism into the static description of the thimac called a region. A region is a diagrammatic specification based on five generic actions: create, process, release, transfer and receive. The results of this research provide (a) an enrichment of conceptual modelling, especially concerning varieties of existence, e.g., absent events of negative propositions, and (b) a proposal that instead of semantic categorizations of events, it is possible to develop a new type of classification based on graphs grounded on the TM model diagrams.

翻译：本文是一项关于名为"thinging machine"(TM)的图解方法论研究项目的后续进展。该项目最初被提出作为需求工程等领域中概念建模(例如概念UML)的基础。概念建模涉及对现实世界系统的高层次表示，它整合了各种组件以将其精炼为更具体的(计算机)可执行形式。TM项目通过将其应用于多个研究领域并扩展其理论和本体基础，已发展成为一种更全面的方法。因此，本文第一部分涉及增强TM中与存在事件结构相关的某些方面，例如缺席事件。本文第二部分重点关注如何对事件进行分类以及可以识别的事件间关系类型。事件概念在建模中占据核心地位，它影响着计算机科学以及语言学、概率论、人工智能、物理学、哲学和历史学等众多学科。在TM中，事件被定义为具有时间呼吸的所谓"thimac"(事物/机器)，这种时间呼吸为称为区域的thimac静态描述注入了动态性。区域是基于五种通用动作的图解规范：创建、处理、释放、转移和接收。本研究的结果提供了：(a)对概念建模的丰富，特别是关于存在多样性方面，例如否定命题的缺席事件；(b)提出了一种新分类方法，即基于TM模型图所构建的图结构进行分类，而非传统的事件语义分类。