Prewriting is the process of discovering and developing ideas before a first draft, which requires divergent thinking and often implies unstructured strategies such as diagramming, outlining, free-writing, etc. Although large language models (LLMs) have been demonstrated to be useful for a variety of tasks including creative writing, little is known about how users would collaborate with LLMs to support prewriting. The preferred collaborative role and initiative of LLMs during such a creativity process is also unclear. To investigate human-LLM collaboration patterns and dynamics during prewriting, we conducted a three-session qualitative study with 15 participants in two creative tasks: story writing and slogan writing. The findings indicated that during collaborative prewriting, there appears to be a three-stage iterative Human-AI Co-creativity process that includes Ideation, Illumination, and Implementation stages. This collaborative process champions the human in a dominant role, in addition to mixed and shifting levels of initiative that exist between humans and LLMs. This research also reports on collaboration breakdowns that occur during this process, user perceptions of using existing LLMs during Human-AI Co-creativity, and discusses design implications to support this co-creativity process.

翻译：写作前构思是在初稿之前发现和发展想法的过程，这需要发散性思维，并常涉及非结构化策略，如图表法、提纲法、自由写作等。尽管大型语言模型（LLM）已被证明在包括创意写作在内的多种任务中有用，但用户如何与LLM协作以支持写作前构思尚不清楚。在这一创造力过程中，LLM偏好的协作角色和主动性也尚不明确。为探究写作前构思中人类与LLM的协作模式与动态，我们开展了一项包含三个环节的质性研究，邀请15名参与者完成两项创意任务：故事写作与标语写作。研究结果表明，在协作式写作前构思过程中，存在一个包含构思、灵感激发和实施三个阶段的人机共创迭代过程。这一协作过程以人类为主导角色，同时伴随人类与LLM之间混合且动态变化的主动性水平。本研究还报告了过程中出现的协作障碍、用户在人机共创中现有LLM使用体验，并讨论了支持这一共创过程的设计启示。