By converting the entire 3D space around the user into a screen, Extended Reality (XR) can ameliorate traditional displays' space limitations and facilitate the consumption of multiple pieces of information at a time. However, if designed inappropriately, these XR interfaces can overwhelm the user and complicate information access. In this work, we explored the design dimensions that can be adapted to enable suitable presentation and interaction within an XR interface. To investigate a specific use case of context-aware adaptations within our proposed design space, we concentrated on the spatial layout of the XR content and investigated non-adaptive and adaptive placement strategies. In this paper, we (1) present a comprehensive design space for XR interfaces, (2) propose Environment-referenced, an adaptive placement strategy that uses a relevant intermediary from the environment within a Hybrid Frame of Reference (FoR) for each XR object, and (3) evaluate the effectiveness of this adaptive placement strategy and a non-adaptive Body-Fixed placement strategy in four contextual scenarios varying in terms of social setting and user mobility in the environment. The performance of these placement strategies from our within-subjects user study emphasized the importance of intermediaries' relevance to the user's focus. These findings underscore the importance of context-aware interfaces, indicating that the appropriate use of an adaptive content placement strategy in a context can significantly improve task efficiency, accuracy, and usability.

翻译：通过将用户周围的整个三维空间转化为屏幕，扩展现实（XR）能够改善传统显示器的空间限制，并促进同时消费多源信息。然而，若设计不当，这些XR界面可能使用户不堪重负，并使信息获取复杂化。在本研究中，我们探索了可自适应调整的设计维度，以实现XR界面内适宜的信息呈现与交互。为探究我们提出的设计空间中情境感知自适应的具体用例，我们聚焦于XR内容的空间布局，并研究了非自适应与自适应布局策略。本文中，我们（1）提出了一个全面的XR界面设计空间，（2）提出了一种名为“环境参照”的自适应布局策略，该策略为每个XR对象在混合参考系（FoR）中使用环境中相关的中间参照物，以及（3）在四种社交环境和用户移动性不同的情境场景中，评估了该自适应布局策略与非自适应的“身体固定”布局策略的有效性。我们受试者内用户研究中这些布局策略的表现，强调了中间参照物与用户关注点相关性的重要性。这些发现凸显了情境感知界面的重要性，表明在特定情境中恰当运用自适应内容布局策略，能够显著提升任务效率、准确性和可用性。