We present NodeOP, a novel framework designed to optimize the management of General Node Operators in decentralized networks. By integrating Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) with a Tendermint Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT)-based consensus mechanism, NodeOP addresses key challenges in task allocation, consensus formation, and system stability. Through rigorous mathematical modeling and formal optimization, NodeOP ensures stable equilibrium in node task distribution. We validate the framework via convergence analysis and performance metrics such as transaction throughput, system latency, and fault tolerance. We further demonstrate NodeOP's practical utility through two use cases: decentralized sequencer management in Layer 2 networks and off-chain payment validation. These examples underscore how NodeOP enhances validation efficiency and unlocks new revenue opportunities in large-scale decentralized environments. Our results position NodeOP as a scalable and flexible solution, significantly improving operational efficiency and economic sustainability in decentralized systems.

翻译：本文提出NodeOP，一种旨在优化去中心化网络中通用节点运营商管理的新型框架。通过将基于代理的建模（ABM）与基于Tendermint拜占庭容错（BFT）的共识机制相结合，NodeOP解决了任务分配、共识形成和系统稳定性等关键挑战。通过严格的数学建模和形式化优化，NodeOP确保了节点任务分布的稳定均衡。我们通过收敛性分析以及交易吞吐量、系统延迟和容错能力等性能指标验证了该框架。我们进一步通过两个用例展示了NodeOP的实际效用：Layer 2网络中的去中心化定序器管理和链下支付验证。这些案例突显了NodeOP如何提升验证效率，并在大规模去中心化环境中开辟新的收益机会。我们的研究结果表明，NodeOP作为一种可扩展且灵活的解决方案，能显著提升去中心化系统的运营效率和经济可持续性。