The transportation industry is experiencing vast digitalization as a plethora of technologies are being implemented to improve efficiency, functionality, and safety. Although technological advancements bring many benefits to transportation, integrating cyberspace across transportation sectors has introduced new and deliberate cyber threats. In the past, public agencies assumed digital infrastructure was secured since its vulnerabilities were unknown to adversaries. However, with the expansion of cyberspace, this assumption has become invalid. With the rapid advancement of wireless technologies, transportation systems are increasingly interconnected with both transportation and non-transportation networks in an internet-of-things ecosystem, expanding cyberspace in transportation and increasing threats and vulnerabilities. This study investigates some prominent reasons for the increase in cyber vulnerabilities in transportation. In addition, this study presents various collaborative strategies among stakeholders that could help improve cybersecurity in the transportation industry. These strategies address programmatic and policy aspects and suggest avenues for technological research and development. The latter highlights opportunities for future research to enhance the cybersecurity of transportation systems and infrastructure by leveraging hybrid approaches and emerging technologies.

翻译：随着大量技术被应用于提升效率、功能与安全性，交通运输行业正经历广泛的数字化转型。尽管技术进步为交通领域带来诸多益处，但网络空间在交通各领域的整合也引发了新的、蓄意的网络威胁。过去，公共机构曾假设数字基础设施是安全的，因为其漏洞尚未被攻击者知晓。然而，随着网络空间的扩展，这一假设已不再成立。随着无线技术的快速发展，交通系统在物联网生态中与交通及非交通网络的互联日益紧密，这扩展了交通领域的网络空间，同时增加了威胁与脆弱性。本研究探讨了交通领域网络脆弱性加剧的一些主要原因。此外，本研究提出了利益相关方之间可采用的多种协作策略，以助力提升交通运输行业的网络安全水平。这些策略涉及规划管理与政策层面，并为技术研发指明了方向。最后，本文强调了通过融合混合方法与新兴技术来增强交通系统及基础设施网络安全的未来研究方向。