To accommodate new applications such as extended reality, fully autonomous vehicular networks and the metaverse, next generation wireless networks are going to be subject to much more stringent performance requirements than the fifth-generation (5G) in terms of data rates, reliability, latency, and connectivity. It is thus necessary to develop next generation advanced transceiver (NGAT) technologies for efficient signal transmission and reception. In this tutorial, we explore the evolution of NGAT from three different perspectives. Specifically, we first provide an overview of new-field NGAT technology, which shifts from conventional far-field channel models to new near-field channel models. Then, three new-form NGAT technologies and their design challenges are presented, including reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, flexible antennas, and holographic multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. Subsequently, we discuss recent advances in semantic-aware NGAT technologies, which can utilize new metrics for advanced transceiver designs. Finally, we point out other promising transceiver technologies for future research.

翻译：为了支持扩展现实、全自动驾驶网络和元宇宙等新兴应用，下一代无线网络在数据速率、可靠性、时延和连接性方面将面临比第五代(5G)通信系统更为严苛的性能要求。因此，亟需开发下一代高级收发机(NGAT)技术以实现高效的信号发射与接收。本教程从三个不同维度探讨NGAT技术的演进路径。首先概述新场域NGAT技术，该技术将传统远场信道模型拓展至新型近场信道模型。随后介绍三种新型架构的NGAT技术及其设计挑战，包括可重构智能表面、柔性天线和全息多输入多输出(MIMO)系统。继而讨论语义感知型NGAT技术的最新进展，该技术可利用新型指标实现先进的收发机设计。最后指出未来值得关注的其他收发机技术方向。