The emergence of sixth-generation and beyond communication systems is expected to fundamentally transform digital experiences through introducing unparalleled levels of intelligence, efficiency, and connectivity. A promising technology poised to enable this revolutionary vision is a wireless large AI model (WLAM), characterized by its exceptional capabilities in data processing, inference, and decision-making. In light of these remarkable capabilities, this paper provides a comprehensive survey of WLAM, explaining its fundamental principles, diverse applications, critical challenges, and future research opportunities. We begin by introducing the background of WLAM and analyzing the key synergies with wireless networks, emphasizing the mutual benefits. Subsequently, we explore the foundational characteristics of WLAM, delving into their unique relevance in wireless environments. Then, the role of WLAM in optimizing wireless communication systems across various use cases and the reciprocal benefits are systematically investigated. Furthermore, we discuss the integration of WLAM with emerging technologies, highlighting their potential to enable transformative capabilities and breakthroughs in wireless communication. Finally, we thoroughly examine the high-level challenges and discuss pivotal future research directions.

翻译：第六代及未来通信系统的出现，预计将通过引入前所未有的智能水平、效率和连接性，从根本上改变数字体验。无线大型AI模型作为实现这一革命性愿景的前沿技术，以其在数据处理、推理和决策方面的卓越能力为特征。鉴于这些显著能力，本文对无线大型AI模型进行了全面综述，阐释了其基本原理、多样化应用、关键挑战及未来研究机遇。我们首先介绍无线大型AI模型的背景，并分析其与无线网络的关键协同效应，强调双方的互惠互利。随后，探讨了无线大型AI模型的基础特性，深入剖析其在无线环境中的独特相关性。接着，系统研究了无线大型AI模型在不同用例中优化无线通信系统的作用，以及相互间的增益。此外，讨论了无线大型AI模型与新兴技术的集成，突出其在无线通信中实现变革性能力与突破的潜力。最后，深入审视了高层次挑战，并探讨了关键的未来研究方向。