DNA-based data storage has been attracting significant attention due to its extremely high data storage density, low power consumption, and long duration compared to conventional data storage media. Despite the recent advancements in DNA data storage technology, significant challenges remain. In particular, various types of errors can occur during the processes of DNA synthesis, storage, and sequencing, including substitution errors, insertion errors, and deletion errors. Furthermore, the entire oligo may be lost. In this work, we report a DNA-based data storage architecture that incorporates efficient channel coding schemes, including different types of error-correcting codes (ECCs) and constrained codes, for both the inner coding and outer coding for the DNA data storage channel. We also carried out large scale experiments to validate our proposed DNA-based data storage architecture. Specifically, 1.61 and 1.69 MB data were encoded into 30,000 oligos each, with information densities of 1.731 and 1.815, respectively. It has been found that the stored information can be fully recovered without any error at average coverages of 4.5 and 6.0, respectively. This experiment achieved the highest net information density and lowest coverage among existing DNA-based data storage experiments (with standard DNA), with data recovery rates and coverage approaching theoretical optima.

翻译：与传统数据存储介质相比，基于DNA的数据存储因其极高的存储密度、低功耗和长保存期限而备受关注。尽管DNA数据存储技术近期取得了进展，但仍面临重大挑战。特别是在DNA合成、存储和测序过程中可能出现多种类型的错误，包括替换错误、插入错误和删除错误。此外，整个寡核苷酸链可能完全丢失。本研究提出了一种整合高效信道编码方案的DNA数据存储架构，该架构针对DNA数据存储信道的内层编码与外层编码，采用了不同类型的纠错码（ECCs）和约束码。我们通过大规模实验验证了所提出的DNA数据存储架构：分别将1.61 MB和1.69 MB数据编码至30,000条寡核苷酸链，信息密度分别达到1.731和1.815。实验结果表明，在平均覆盖率分别为4.5和6.0时，存储信息可实现完全无误恢复。该实验在现有基于标准DNA的数据存储实验中实现了最高的净信息密度与最低的覆盖率，其数据恢复率与覆盖率已接近理论最优值。