The study of cooperation within social dilemmas has long been a fundamental topic across various disciplines, including computer science and social science. Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have significantly reshaped this field, offering fresh insights into understanding and enhancing cooperation. This survey examines three key areas at the intersection of AI and cooperation in social dilemmas. First, focusing on multi-agent cooperation, we review the intrinsic and external motivations that support cooperation among rational agents, and the methods employed to develop effective strategies against diverse opponents. Second, looking into human-agent cooperation, we discuss the current AI algorithms for cooperating with humans and the human biases towards AI agents. Third, we review the emergent field of leveraging AI agents to enhance cooperation among humans. We conclude by discussing future research avenues, such as using large language models, establishing unified theoretical frameworks, revisiting existing theories of human cooperation, and exploring multiple real-world applications.

翻译：社会困境中的合作研究长期以来是涵盖计算机科学和社会科学等多个学科的基础性议题。人工智能（AI）的最新进展显著重塑了这一领域，为理解和增强合作提供了全新视角。本综述聚焦AI与社会困境合作交叉领域的三个关键方向。首先，在智能体间合作方面，我们梳理了支持理性智能体合作的内在动机与外在动机，以及针对不同对手制定有效策略的方法。其次，在人机合作方面，我们探讨了当前用于实现人类与AI协作的算法，以及人类对智能体存在的认知偏差。第三，我们综述了利用AI智能体促进人类合作这一新兴领域。最后，本文展望了未来研究方向，包括大语言模型的应用、统一理论框架的建立、传统人类合作理论的重新审视，以及多领域实际应用的探索。