We contribute empirical and conceptual insights regarding the roles of digital labor platforms in online freelancing, focusing attention to social identities such as gender, race, ethnicity, and occupation. Findings highlight how digital labor platforms reinforce and exacerbate identity-based stereotypes, bias and expectations in online freelance work. We focus on online freelancing as this form of working arrangement is becoming more prevalent. Online freelancing also relies on the market-making power of digital platforms to create an online labor market. Many see this as one likely future of work with less bias. Others worry that labor platforms' market power allows them to embed known biases into new working arrangements: a platformization of inequality. Drawing on data from 108 online freelancers, we discuss six findings: 1) female freelance work is undervalued; 2) gendered occupational expectations; 3) gendered treatment; 4) shared expectations of differential values; 5) racial stereotypes and expectations; and 6) race and ethnicity as an asset. We discuss the role of design in the platformization and visibility of social identity dimensions and the implications of the reinforced identity perceptions and marginalization in digital labor platforms.

翻译：我们针对数字劳动平台在在线自由职业中的作用提供了实证与概念性洞见，重点关注性别、种族、民族及职业等社会身份维度。研究结果揭示了数字劳动平台如何在在线自由职业中强化并加剧基于身份的刻板印象、偏见与期望。我们聚焦于在线自由职业，因为这种工作安排日益普遍。在线自由职业依赖于数字平台的市场构建力量以创造在线劳动力市场。许多人将其视为偏见较少的工作未来形态之一，但也有人担忧劳动平台的市场力量会将已知偏见嵌入新型工作安排中——即不平等的平台化。基于对108名在线自由职业者的数据，我们讨论了六项发现：1）女性自由职业工作价值被低估；2）性别化的职业期望；3）性别化待遇；4）对价值差异的共同预期；5）种族刻板印象与期望；6）种族与民族属性作为资产。我们探讨了设计在平台化与社会身份维度可见性中的作用，以及数字平台中强化身份认知与边缘化的影响。