We present a pipeline for printing interactive and always-on magnetophoretic displays using affordable Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printers. Using our pipeline, an end-user can convert the surface of a 3D shape into a matrix of voxels. The generated model can be sent to an FDM 3D printer equipped with an additional syringe-based injector. During the printing process, an oil and iron powder-based liquid mixture is injected into each voxel cell, allowing the appearance of the once-printed object to be editable with external magnetic sources. To achieve this, we made modifications to the 3D printer hardware and the firmware. We also developed a 3D editor to prepare printable models. We demonstrate our pipeline with a variety of examples, including a printed Stanford bunny with customizable appearances, a small espresso mug that can be used as a post-it note surface, a board game figurine with a computationally updated display, and a collection of flexible wearable accessories with editable visuals.

翻译：我们提出了一种利用经济型熔融沉积成型（FDM）3D打印机制造交互式、持续显示磁流体显示器的完整流程。通过该流程，最终用户可将3D模型表面转换为由体素构成的矩阵。生成的模型可发送至配备额外注射式注液器的FDM 3D打印机进行打印。在打印过程中，基于油和铁粉的液态混合液被注入每个体素单元，使得打印成品的表面外观可通过外部磁场进行编辑。为实现这一目标，我们对3D打印机硬件及固件进行了改造，同时开发了用于准备可打印模型的3D编辑器。我们通过多种示例验证了该流程的可行性，包括：外观可自定义的斯坦福兔子模型、可充当便签贴表面的小型浓缩咖啡杯、配备计算更新显示功能的棋盘游戏角色模型，以及一系列视觉风格可编辑的柔性可穿戴配件。