Digital twins (DTs) are redefining healthcare by paving the way for more personalized, proactive, and intelligent medical interventions. As the shift toward personalized care intensifies, there is a growing need for an individual's virtual replica that delivers the right treatment at the optimal time and in the most effective manner. The emerging concept of a Human Digital Twin (HDT) holds the potential to revolutionize the traditional healthcare system much like digital twins have transformed manufacturing and aviation. An HDT mirrors the physical entity of a human body through a dynamic virtual model that continuously reflects changes in molecular, physiological, emotional, and lifestyle factors. This digital representation not only supports remote monitoring, diagnosis, and prescription but also facilitates surgery, rehabilitation, and overall personalized care, thereby relieving pressure on conventional healthcare frameworks. Despite its promising advantages, there are considerable research challenges to overcome as HDT technology evolves. In this study, I will initially delineate the distinctions between traditional digital twins and HDTs, followed by an exploration of the networking architecture integral to their operation--from data acquisition and communication to computation, management, and decision-making--thereby offering insights into how these innovations may reshape the modern healthcare industry.

翻译：数字孪生（DTs）正在重塑医疗保健领域，为更个性化、主动和智能的医疗干预铺平道路。随着向个性化医疗的转变日益深入，对能够以最优时机和最有效方式提供精准治疗的个体虚拟复制的需求日益增长。新兴的人类数字孪生（HDT）概念有望彻底变革传统医疗体系，其影响力堪比数字孪生对制造业和航空业的改造。HDT通过动态虚拟模型映射人体的物理实体，持续反映分子、生理、情绪及生活方式等多维度的变化。这种数字化表征不仅支持远程监测、诊断与处方，还能辅助手术、康复及整体个性化护理，从而缓解传统医疗框架的压力。尽管前景广阔，但随着HDT技术的发展，仍需克服诸多研究挑战。本研究将首先阐明传统数字孪生与HDT的区别，进而探讨其运行所依赖的网络架构——涵盖数据采集、通信、计算、管理与决策全流程——从而揭示这些创新技术如何重塑现代医疗产业。